【About girl】Hormonal Functions of the Female, Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Female hormone

The understanding reproductive and hormonal function of females is essential as it involves in many ovaries diseases and some physiology functions. On the basis of understanding, carry on body care and love yourself to prevent disease.

This blog will briefly introduce functions of each hormone in female and hormonal control of the menstrual cycle.

Content:

1. Menstruation cycle or female sexual cycle
2. Hormone in Female
   a. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
   b. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
   c. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
   d. Estrogens
   e. Progesterone
   f. Testosterone
   g. Oxytocin
   h. Arginine Vasopressin
   i. Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS)
       Difference between Oxytocin and Arginine Vasopressin
3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

1. Menstruation cycle or female sexual cycle

1. Uterine cycle

the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the uterus (womb) to receive a fertilized egg.
Phase:

Proliferative phase (estrogen phase)
Secretary phase (progesterone phase)
Menstruation

2. Ovarian cycle

controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone.
Phase:

Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase

2. Hormone in Female

The stages of the ovarian cycle in the female are regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries.

a. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH), which in turn stimulate the reproductive functioning of the ovaries and testes
Stimulates gonadotrophs (G) to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

More about the "Pituitary Hormone": 【Pharmacology】Drugs for pituitary and thyroid disease

b. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Stimulates the development of egg cells (ova), which develop in structures called follicles.
Regulate: Follicle cells produce the hormone inhibin, which inhibits FSH production.

c. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Stimulates the development of egg cells (ova), as well as in the induction of ovulation
Stimulation of estrogens and progesterone production by the ovaries
Regulate: Progesterone assists in inhibition of FSH and LH release

Hormone in menstrual cycle:

d. Estrogens

Major female hormone
Assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption
Responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics of females

breast development
flaring of the hips
bone maturation

Increases sexual desire

Having higher levels of estrogen in the body promotes vaginal lubrication and increases sexual desire

Normal range:

Adult female, premenopausal: 15-350 pg/mL
Adult female, postmenopausal: <10 pg/mL
Adult male: 10-40 pg/mL

e. Progesterone

Assists in endometrial regrowth

prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation.
triggers the lining to thicken to accept a fertilized egg.
prohibits the muscle contractions in the uterus that would cause the body to reject an egg

Stimulates the growth of milk ducts in the breasts
Increases core temperature (thermogenic function) during ovulation
Normal range:

Other hormone:

f. Testosterone

Small amounts of testosterone come from the adrenal glands and ovaries
Sexual desire
Regulation of the menstrual cycle
Bone and muscle strength
Normal range for females is 15 to 70 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL).

g. Oxytocin

contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation.
increases production of prostaglandins, which increase the contractions further.

h. Arginine Vasopressin

promotes the reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid in the collecting duct
increases blood flow to the heart and brain
may cause dysmenorrhea

i. Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS)

stimulates growth of fetus
regulates metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein in both the fetus and the mother

Difference between Oxytocin and Arginine Vasopressin

Both can cause dysmenorrhea, but

Learn more about dysmenorrhea: 【About Girl】经痛 Dysmenorrhea

3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Follicular phase: FSH level are initially high to develop follicles before being inhibited by estrogen production

Ovulation: A huge spike in LH levels and to a lesser extent, FSH, triggers ovulation to release of an ova.

Luteal phase: Rising levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit both FSH and LH. Hence, FSH and LH levels decrease.

Menstruation: When the corpus luteum degenerates, estrogen and progesterone levels fall and FSH levels rise.

Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle (Ovarian cycle)

Each Phase:

4. Reference:

https://www.healthline.com/health/female-sex-hormones#hormonal-changes

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2017.00134/full

【About Girl】经痛 Dysmenorrhea

Comments

【脉象】实脉的相类脉--长脉

6a.长脉首尾端直，超过本位正常：气血旺盛，精气盛满，脉气盈余。病症：主阳证、热证、实证。多由邪气盛实，正气不衰，邪正搏击所致。图像来自 https://www.sohu.com/a/440348806_749312

【Pharmacology】Antidepressants

Antidepressants Depression: experience unusually long periods of sadness guilt and decreased interest in activities can occur alone or a part of a larger disorder such as bipolar disorder people with bipolar disorder experience periods of depression alternating with periods of mania in which person feels abnormally optimistic euphoric and energetic Treatment: Antidepressant drugs which work by elevating levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain led to development of monoamine hypothesis Content: 1. Monoamine hypothesis 2. Five different classes 3. Serotonergic neuron & Noradrenergic neuron 4. Drug a. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) b. Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) c. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) d. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) e. Atypical antidepressants 5. Lithium 6. Reference 1. Monoamine hypothesis states th...

【方剂学】解表攻里剂--疏凿饮子

解表攻里剂适用于外有表邪，里有实积之证代表方：大柴胡汤防风通圣散 3. 疏凿饮子--泻下逐水，疏风消肿《济生方》组成：商陆、茯苓皮、泽泻、木通、椒目、赤小豆、羌活、秦艽、生姜、大腹皮、槟榔 3a. 组成君：商陆------------------6g 苦寒有毒，其性下行，专于行水，可通利二便臣： a. 茯苓皮------------------15g b. 泽泻------------------12g c. 木通------------------12g d. 椒目------------------9g e. 赤小豆------------------15g 通利小便，渗利在里之水湿君臣相协：导在里之水湿从二便而出佐： a. 羌活------------------去芦（9g）　 b. 秦艽------------------去芦（9g） c. 生姜------------------5片疏风发表，开泄腠理，使在表之水湿从肌肤而散水壅气结，故👇👇 a. 大腹皮------------------15g b. 槟榔------------------9g 下气行水，使气化则湿亦化诸药合用，逐水发表，内攻外散，使壅盛之水湿自上下内外分消，犹如大禹治水，疏江凿河，以利水势，故有“疏凿”之名。【下、消、汗三法相伍，前后分消，表里同治，但主以逐水】遵《素问·汤液醪醴论》“去菀陈莝……开鬼门，洁净府”，《金匮要略》“诸有水者，腰以下肿，当利小便；腰以上肿，当发汗乃愈”等法，治宜疏风发表、泻下逐水，使水湿之邪从上下、表里分消。 3b. 主治阳水：水湿壅盛，泛溢上下、表里的阳水实证遍身水肿：水湿壅盛，泛溢肌肤喘呼气急：水迫于肺，肺气逆而不降烦躁口渴：水壅气结，津液不布二便不利：水壅于里，三焦气机闭阻，腑气不通脉沉实：实证，邪盛气实沉：轻取不应,重按始得。（沉脉显现的部位较正常脉深）病症：里证，为阴脉里实：沉而有力气血内困于里。多因水、寒、积滞所致（寒主收引，水性沉潜，积滞则阳气伏郁）。实：三部脉举按均充实有力，其势来去皆盛，应指愊愊。是一切有力脉的总称病症：见于实证。邪气亢盛而正气不虚，邪正相搏，气血涌盛，脉管内充盈度较高，脉管呈紧张状态,故脉来充实有力。

【Pathology】Ringworm 笔记

Ringworm Content: 1. Intro 2. Transmission & Risk Factor 3. Types 4. Diagnosis & Treatment 5. Resource from Realted link: 【Pathology】Fungal Infection 1. Intro 2. Transmission & Risk Factor 3. Types 4. Diagnosis & Treatment About Antifungal drugs: 【 Pharmacology】Antifungal drugs 5. Resource from https://youtu.be/GpG22UKhMNw

【Promote】面部刮痧

【Neuro & Pharmacology】Autonomic Division

Autonomic Division Autonomic (autonomous: self-governing) or called visceral nervous system (it control over internal organs) Subdivided into: -sympathetic system: stressful situations, fight-or-flight response -parasympathetic systems (para-, beside or alongside): resting, digestion Autonomic Pathways have two Efferent Neurons in Series Content: 1. The anatomical differences of two autonomic branches 2. Function of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system 3. The anatomy and chemical communication of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems 4. The synthesis and breakdown of autonomic neurotransmitters 5. Adrenal medulla 6. Primary Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System 1. The anatomical differences of two autonomic branches The pathways’ point of origin in the CNS The location of the autonomic ganglia. Characteristic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Origin in the CNS Thoracic and lumbar segments B...

［王阳明心学］11/9/2025

最近看了一本《催眠治疗师的回溯实录》。是讲述张惠铭博士在催眠治疗过程中收集的真实个案故事，通过这些故事展示了回溯治疗如何引导个体深入潜意识，探索和解决当下的心理困扰、情绪障碍及人生课题，最终实现自我疗愈和转变。它的核心机制是 “直面内心的真实” ——无论是埋藏在内心深处的情绪、创伤，还是生命课题。和王阳心学的共同点就是：唯有真诚面对自己，才能获得疗愈、成长与自由。

【Pharmacology】General and local anesthetics

Anesthesia A reversible condition induced by anesthetic drugs that cause reduction or complete loss of response to pain or another sensation such as consciousness and muscle movements during surgery or other invasive procedures that can be painful. Two main types of anesthesia: General anesthesia: makes the whole body lose feeling movement and consciousness drugs Local anesthesia: numbs only a specific targeted area of the body drugs Content: 1. Anesthesia stage 2. Mechanism of action 3. General anesthetics i. 1st group (Intravenous agents) ii. 2nd agent (Intravenous & Inhalation agent) iii. 3rd agent (halogenated volatile anesthetics) 4. Dexmedetomidine 5. Local anesthetics 6. Reference 1. Anesthesia stage Anesthesia performed with general anesthetics occurs in four stages: Stage 1: Induction a period during which the patient goes from state of consciousness to a state of unconsciousness Stage 2: Exc...

【Western diagnosis】Cough

Cough Reference: https://youtu.be/LDMEtNXik-A

Medical student's note

Search This Blog