【About girl】Hormonal Functions of the Female, Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Female hormone

The understanding reproductive and hormonal function of females is essential as it involves in many ovaries diseases and some physiology functions. On the basis of understanding, carry on body care and love yourself to prevent disease.

This blog will briefly introduce functions of each hormone in female and hormonal control of the menstrual cycle.

Content:

1. Menstruation cycle or female sexual cycle
2. Hormone in Female
   a. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
   b. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
   c. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
   d. Estrogens
   e. Progesterone
   f. Testosterone
   g. Oxytocin
   h. Arginine Vasopressin
   i. Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS)
       Difference between Oxytocin and Arginine Vasopressin
3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

1. Menstruation cycle or female sexual cycle

1. Uterine cycle

the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the uterus (womb) to receive a fertilized egg.
Phase:

Proliferative phase (estrogen phase)
Secretary phase (progesterone phase)
Menstruation

2. Ovarian cycle

controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone.
Phase:

Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase

2. Hormone in Female

The stages of the ovarian cycle in the female are regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries.

a. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH), which in turn stimulate the reproductive functioning of the ovaries and testes
Stimulates gonadotrophs (G) to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

More about the "Pituitary Hormone": 【Pharmacology】Drugs for pituitary and thyroid disease

b. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Stimulates the development of egg cells (ova), which develop in structures called follicles.
Regulate: Follicle cells produce the hormone inhibin, which inhibits FSH production.

c. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Stimulates the development of egg cells (ova), as well as in the induction of ovulation
Stimulation of estrogens and progesterone production by the ovaries
Regulate: Progesterone assists in inhibition of FSH and LH release

Hormone in menstrual cycle:

d. Estrogens

Major female hormone
Assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption
Responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics of females

breast development
flaring of the hips
bone maturation

Increases sexual desire

Having higher levels of estrogen in the body promotes vaginal lubrication and increases sexual desire

Normal range:

Adult female, premenopausal: 15-350 pg/mL
Adult female, postmenopausal: <10 pg/mL
Adult male: 10-40 pg/mL

e. Progesterone

Assists in endometrial regrowth

prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation.
triggers the lining to thicken to accept a fertilized egg.
prohibits the muscle contractions in the uterus that would cause the body to reject an egg

Stimulates the growth of milk ducts in the breasts
Increases core temperature (thermogenic function) during ovulation
Normal range:

Other hormone:

f. Testosterone

Small amounts of testosterone come from the adrenal glands and ovaries
Sexual desire
Regulation of the menstrual cycle
Bone and muscle strength
Normal range for females is 15 to 70 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL).

g. Oxytocin

contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation.
increases production of prostaglandins, which increase the contractions further.

h. Arginine Vasopressin

promotes the reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid in the collecting duct
increases blood flow to the heart and brain
may cause dysmenorrhea

i. Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS)

stimulates growth of fetus
regulates metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein in both the fetus and the mother

Difference between Oxytocin and Arginine Vasopressin

Both can cause dysmenorrhea, but

Learn more about dysmenorrhea: 【About Girl】经痛 Dysmenorrhea

3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Follicular phase: FSH level are initially high to develop follicles before being inhibited by estrogen production

Ovulation: A huge spike in LH levels and to a lesser extent, FSH, triggers ovulation to release of an ova.

Luteal phase: Rising levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit both FSH and LH. Hence, FSH and LH levels decrease.

Menstruation: When the corpus luteum degenerates, estrogen and progesterone levels fall and FSH levels rise.

Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle (Ovarian cycle)

Each Phase:

4. Reference:

https://www.healthline.com/health/female-sex-hormones#hormonal-changes

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2017.00134/full

【About Girl】经痛 Dysmenorrhea

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