Medical student's note

Tinea pedis question 1. Does poor hygiene cause athlete’s foot? Athlete’s foot has nothing to do with cleanliness. Even if you wash your feet with soap and water several times a day, you can get athlete’s foot — especially if you don’t dry your feet completely after each washing. 2. Does walking barefoot lead to athlete’s foot? Walking barefoot in a locker room or public shower is one way to get athlete’s foot, but it’s not the only way. You can also become infected if you share a towel, socks, or shoes with someone who has athlete’s foot. 3. How can you tell if you have athlete’s foot? Athlete’s foot can look different in each person. Some people do get peeling or cracking skin between their toes. Others have redness or dryness on the bottom of their feet that looks just like dry skin. If you’re not sure what’s going on with your feet, see a podiatrist or doctor. 4. Can shoes and socks prevent athlete’s foot? The fungus that causes athlete’s foot thrives in dark, damp places. Wet shoe...

Review on dermatomycosis: pathogenesis and treatment  Content: 1. Dermatophytes 2. ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION 3. Trichophyton 4. Microsporum 5. Epidermophyton 6. DISTRIBUTION FREQUENCY OF DERMATOPHYTES AND DERMATOPHYTOSIS 7. PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION 1. Dermatophytes a group of keratinophilic fungi thriving on the keratin substrate are the etiological agents responsible for causing cutaneous infections.  Dermatomycoses are infections of the skin, hair and nail caused as a result of colonization of the keratinized layers of the body . This colonization is brought about by the organisms belonging to the three genera namely  Trichophyton Microsporum Epidermophyton Infection may also be caused rarely by  the members of the genus Candida non-dermatophytic moulds belonging to the genera Fusarium, Scopulariopsis and Aspergillus 2. ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION In the course of evolution these pathogens have developed host specificity.  ascribed to th...

Ringworm Content: 1. Intro 2. Transmission & Risk Factor 3. Types 4. Diagnosis & Treatment 5. Resource from Realted link:  【Pathology】Fungal Infection   1. Intro 2. Transmission & Risk Factor 3. Types 4. Diagnosis & Treatment About Antifungal drugs: 【 Pharmacology】Antifungal drugs 5. Resource from https://youtu.be/GpG22UKhMNw

Athlete foot  Content: 1. Intro 2. Pathogenesis (cause) & risk factor 3. Types 4. Diagnosis & Treatment 5. Resource from Realted link:  【Pathology】Fungal Infection 1. Intro 2. Pathogenesis (cause) & risk factor 3. Types 4. Diagnosis & Treatment About Antifungal drugs: 【 Pharmacology】Antifungal drugs 5. Resource from https://youtu.be/9Nzt8cc66LU

Review:  【Pathology】Pathophysiology of severe asthma: We’ve only just started part 1 Content: 1. Pathophysiology? 2. Asthma 3. Asthma 的pathophysiology点在于？ 4. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE SIMPLE AIRWAY TUBE MODEL 5. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE COMPLEX BRANCHING SYSTEM 6. REMODELLING IN SEVERE ASTHMA    (Part 1) 7. FIXED AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 8. THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND REMODELLING 9. INFLAMMATION HETEROGENEITY IN SEVERE ASTHMA 10. ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 11. Summary of the main points of pathophysiology in severe asthma 7. FIXED AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN SEVERE ASTHMA Fixed reduction in lung function is highly variable between asthmatic individuals. increased rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) loss ---不是全部患者都有 Reduced lung function related to asthma severity tracks from infancy and childhood into adult life. In severe asthma, risk factors for loss of FEV1 are exacerbations sputum eosinophilia adult-on...

Pathophysiology of severe asthma Content: 1. Pathophysiology? 2. Asthma 3. Asthma 的pathophysiology点在于？ 4. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE SIMPLE AIRWAY TUBE MODEL 5. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE COMPLEX BRANCHING SYSTEM 6. REMODELLING IN SEVERE ASTHMA    (Part 1) 7. FIXED AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 8. THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND REMODELLING 9. INFLAMMATION HETEROGENEITY IN SEVERE ASTHMA 10. ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 11. Summary of the main points of pathophysiology in severe asthma 1. Pathophysiology? The key to improving targeted treatments, reducing disease burden and improving patient outcomes is a better understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of severe disease. 2. Asthma Asthma is a complex interplay between airway inflammation and airway remodelling which results in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)—variable and excessive airway narrowing. Severe asthma is also often associated with some degree of fixed airflow limi...

Asthma & COPD Content: 1. Asthma Pathogenesis 2. Asthma Pathophysiology 3. COPD Pathophysiology 4. Pathophysiology of Hypercapnia in COPD 5. Pathophysiology of Hypoxemia in COPD 6. Comparison of inflammation in Asthma vs COPD 7. Physical Findings of an Acute Exacerbation 8. Peak Flow 9. Triggers of Exacerbations 10. Reference Related link:  【Pathology】Pathophysiology of Asthma 1. Asthma Pathogenesis 2. Asthma Pathophysiology 3. COPD Pathophysiology 4. Pathophysiology of Hypercapnia in COPD 5. Pathophysiology of Hypoxemia in COPD 6. Comparison of inflammation in Asthma vs COPD 7. Physical Findings of an Acute Exacerbation 8. Peak Flow 9. Triggers of Exacerbations 10. Reference https://youtu.be/tu-sMPvA4wU https://youtu.be/4fMM6qTa7bY

Asthma a chronic inflammatory condition of the respiratory passageways , particularly the mucosa characterized by having the narrowing of the respiratory passageways which can cause difficulty breathing sometimes it can even be extremely fatal Content: 1. Underlying etiology 2. Molecular mechanism 3. Asthma is reversible 4. Controversial 5. Reference 1. Underlying etiology a. Atopic triad Genetic predisposition: with a family history of i, ii, iii. have more allergic or hyperresponsiveness to specific types of allergens produce massive amounts of inflammatory mediators produce exacerbation or bronchospasm of the actual respiratory passageways  i. Asthma ii. Atopic dermatitis also called eczema iii. Allergic rhinitis b. Samters triad three different factors that make these individuals more susceptible  Asthma Nasal polyps Aspirin sensitivity Some individuals might have kind of an allergic or hypersensitive reaction to aspirin aspirin inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme...

Fungal Infection also called mycosis a skin disease caused by a fungus Content: 1. Fungal Infection Symptoms 2. Types of Fungal Infections      a. Athlete's foot      b. Jock Itch      c. Ringworm      d. Yeast infections 3. Fungal diseases that affect people who live in or travel to certain areas 4. Fungal diseases that affect people with weakened immune systems 5. Other diseases and health problems caused by fungi 6. Reference Review: 【Pharmacology】Antifungal drugs 1. Fungal Infection Symptoms A fungal skin infection might cause: Irritation Scaly skin Redness Itching Swelling Blisters  2. Types of Fungal Infections can happen anywhere on your body. Most common: Athlete's foot Jock itch Ringworm Yeast infections a. Athlete's foot also called tinea pedis a fungal infection of foot grow best in warm, moist places such as shoes, socks, swimming pools, locker rooms, and public showers often found in the summer and in hot...