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【方剂学】补气剂--参苓白术散

  补气剂 补气剂,适用于肺脾气虚之证。 代表方如: 四君子汤 参苓白术散 补中益气汤 2. 参苓白术散 《太平惠民和剂局方》 ---- 益气健脾,渗湿止泻 组成:人参、白术、茯苓、山药、莲子肉、白扁豆、薏苡仁、砂仁、桔梗、炒甘草   【用法】 上为细末。每服二钱( 6g ),枣汤调下。小儿量岁数加减(现代用法:散剂,每服 6 ~ 10g ,大枣煎汤送服;亦可作汤剂,加大枣 3 枚,水煎服)。   【运用】 本方为健脾渗湿止泻之常用方。以气短乏力,肠鸣泄泻,舌淡苔腻,脉虚缓为辨证要点。   a. 组成 君: a. 人参 ----------------- 去芦,二斤( 15g ) ·          大补脾胃之气   b. 白术 ----------------- 二斤( 15g ) c. 茯苓 ----------------- 二斤( 15g ) ·          健脾渗湿   臣: a. 山药 ----------------- 二斤( 15g ) b. 莲子肉 ----------------- 去皮,一斤( 9g ) ·          既能健脾,又有涩肠止泻之功 ·          二药可助人参、白术健脾益气,兼以厚肠止泻   c. 白扁豆 ----------------- 姜汁浸,去皮,微炒,一斤半( 12g ) ·          健脾化湿   d. 薏苡仁 ----------------- 一斤( 9g ) ·          健脾渗湿 ·          白扁豆、薏苡仁:助白术、茯苓健脾助运,渗湿止泻...

【方剂学】补气剂--四君子汤

补气剂 补气剂,适用于肺脾气虚之证。 代表方如: 四君子汤 参苓白术散 补中益气汤   1. 四君子汤 《太平惠民和剂局方》 ---- 益气健脾 组成:人参、白术、茯苓、炙甘草   a. 组成 君:人参 ---------------- 去芦, 9g ·          甘温,能大补脾胃之气   臣:白术 ------------ 9g ·          健脾燥湿,与人参相须,益气补脾之力更强。   脾喜燥恶湿,喜运恶滞 👇 佐使: a. 茯苓 ------------- 去皮(各 9g ) ·          健脾渗湿 b. 白术 ·          互增健脾祛湿之力   c. 炙甘草 ----------- 6g ·          益气和中 ·          既可加强人参、白术益气补中之功,又能调和诸药   四药皆为甘温和缓之品,而呈君子中和之气,故以 “ 君子 ” 为名。四药合力,重在健补脾胃之气,兼司运化之职,且渗利湿浊,共成益气健脾之功。   【甘温和缓,适脾欲缓喜燥之性】   b. 主治 脾胃气虚证 :乃由禀赋不足,或由饮食劳倦,损伤脾胃之气,使其受纳与运化无力   面色萎白 :脾胃气虚,气血生化不足,气血不能上荣于面 ·          《灵枢 · 营卫生会篇》谓 “ 人受气于谷,谷入于胃,以传于肺,五脏六腑皆以受气 ” ,故云脾胃为后天之本,气血生化之源...

【Pharmacology】Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)笔记

Calcium channel antagonists also known as calcium channel blockers (CCBs),  have been widely used for many indications.  often classified into two major categories, non-dihydropyridines  dihydropyridines.  1. Indication This cardiovascular drug class is one of the leading causes of drug-related fatalities.  two major categories non-dihydropyridines include  verapamil---------a phenylalkylamine diltiazem----------a benzothiazepine. dihydropyridines include many other drugs,  most of which end in "pine"  i.e., amlodipine and nicardipine Cardiovascular indications include  hypertension,  coronary spasm,  angina pectoris, 心绞痛 supraventricular dysrhythmias, 室上性心律失常 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 肥厚型心肌病 pulmonary hypertension. 肺动脉高压 also prescribed for  Raynaud phenomenon,  subarachnoid hemorrhage, 蛛网膜下腔出血 migraine headaches. 偏头痛 2. Mechanism Calcium channel antagonists  block the inward movement of calcium by binding to the ...

【Pharmacology】Minoxidil笔记

 Minoxidil 1. Mechanism of action It causes dilatation of arterioles by  unclosing of potassium channels.  causes hyperpolarization relaxation of smooth muscles results in the reduction of total peripheral vascular resistance.  the blood pressure is reduced. 2. Actions Minoxidil may cause palpitations and reflex tachycardia. It may increase the plasma renin activity caused by reflex sympathetic activity or decrease by certain unknown mechanism. It may cause sodium and water retention. 3. Pharmacokinetics It is well absorbed orally. It is metabolized in the liver. Its duration of action is about 1-3 days. 4. Therapeutic uses 1. Moderate to serious hypertension 2. severe hypertension associated with disturbance of renal function 3. topically can be used as an activator of hair growth for baldness 5. Adverse effects Headache,  Tachycardia,  angina,  sweating,  Excessive hair growth,  fluid retention causing volume overload 6. Reference http://je...