【Immune system】Major cytokines in inflammation

Major cytokines in inflammation

CYTOKINE	CELL SOURCE	CELL TARGET	MAIN ACTIONS
IL-1	Monocytes/macrophages, B cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells	All cells	• Expression of adhesion molecules • Emigration of neutrophils and macrophages • Role in fever and shock • Hepatic production of acute phase protein
IL-6	Same as for IL-1	T and B cells, Epithelial cells, hepatocytes, Monocytes/macrophages	• Hepatic production of acute phase protein • Differentiation and growth of T and B cells
IL-8	Monocytes/macrophages, T cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells	Neutrophils, basophils, T cells, monocytes/macrophages, endothelial cells	• Induces migration of neutrophils, macrophages and T cells • Stimulates release of histamine from basophils • Stimulates angiogenesis
IL-12	Macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils	T cells, NK cells	• Induces formation of T helper cells and killer cells • Promotes CTL cytolytic activity • Increases production of IFN-g • Decreases production of IL-17
IL-17	CD4+T cells	Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells	• Increases secretion of other cytokines • Migration of neutrophils and monocytes
TNF-α	Monocytes/macrophages, mast cells/ basophils, eosinophils, B cells, T cells, NK cells	All cells except RBCs	• Hepatic production of acute phase protein • Systemic features (fever, shock, anorexia) • Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules • Enhanced leucocyte cytotoxicity • Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines
IFN- g	T cells, NK cells	All cells	• Activation of macrophages and NK cells • Stimulates secretion of Igs by B cells • Differentiation of T helper cells
MCP-1	Fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, blood mononuclear cells	Monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, T cells	• Chemoattractant for monocytes, T cells and NK cells • Stimulates release of histamine from basophils
Eotaxin	Alveolar cells, myocardium	Eosinophils, basophils	• Chemoattractant for eosinophils and Basophils • Induces allergic pulmonary disease
PF-4	Platelets, megakaryocytes	Fibroblasts, endothelial cells	• Chemoattractant for fibroblasts • Inhibitory to haematopoietic precursors and endothelial cell proliferation

IL=interleukin; TNF=tumour necrosis factor; IFN=interferon; MCP=monocyte chemotactic protein; PF=platelet factor.

Reference:

Mohan, H. (2019). Textbook of pathology. Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited. eight edition

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