Medical student's note

Review:  【Pathology】Pathophysiology of severe asthma: We’ve only just started part 1 Content: 1. Pathophysiology? 2. Asthma 3. Asthma 的pathophysiology点在于？ 4. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE SIMPLE AIRWAY TUBE MODEL 5. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE COMPLEX BRANCHING SYSTEM 6. REMODELLING IN SEVERE ASTHMA    (Part 1) 7. FIXED AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 8. THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND REMODELLING 9. INFLAMMATION HETEROGENEITY IN SEVERE ASTHMA 10. ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 11. Summary of the main points of pathophysiology in severe asthma 7. FIXED AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN SEVERE ASTHMA Fixed reduction in lung function is highly variable between asthmatic individuals. increased rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) loss ---不是全部患者都有 Reduced lung function related to asthma severity tracks from infancy and childhood into adult life. In severe asthma, risk factors for loss of FEV1 are exacerbations sputum eosinophilia adult-onset disease longer

Pathophysiology of severe asthma Content: 1. Pathophysiology? 2. Asthma 3. Asthma 的pathophysiology点在于？ 4. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE SIMPLE AIRWAY TUBE MODEL 5. AIRWAY REMODELLING: THE COMPLEX BRANCHING SYSTEM 6. REMODELLING IN SEVERE ASTHMA    (Part 1) 7. FIXED AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 8. THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND REMODELLING 9. INFLAMMATION HETEROGENEITY IN SEVERE ASTHMA 10. ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN SEVERE ASTHMA 11. Summary of the main points of pathophysiology in severe asthma 1. Pathophysiology? The key to improving targeted treatments, reducing disease burden and improving patient outcomes is a better understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of severe disease. 2. Asthma Asthma is a complex interplay between airway inflammation and airway remodelling which results in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)—variable and excessive airway narrowing. Severe asthma is also often associated with some degree of fixed airflow limitation Th

Asthma & COPD Content: 1. Asthma Pathogenesis 2. Asthma Pathophysiology 3. COPD Pathophysiology 4. Pathophysiology of Hypercapnia in COPD 5. Pathophysiology of Hypoxemia in COPD 6. Comparison of inflammation in Asthma vs COPD 7. Physical Findings of an Acute Exacerbation 8. Peak Flow 9. Triggers of Exacerbations 10. Reference Related link:  【Pathology】Pathophysiology of Asthma 1. Asthma Pathogenesis 2. Asthma Pathophysiology 3. COPD Pathophysiology 4. Pathophysiology of Hypercapnia in COPD 5. Pathophysiology of Hypoxemia in COPD 6. Comparison of inflammation in Asthma vs COPD 7. Physical Findings of an Acute Exacerbation 8. Peak Flow 9. Triggers of Exacerbations 10. Reference https://youtu.be/tu-sMPvA4wU https://youtu.be/4fMM6qTa7bY

Asthma a chronic inflammatory condition of the respiratory passageways , particularly the mucosa characterized by having the narrowing of the respiratory passageways which can cause difficulty breathing sometimes it can even be extremely fatal Content: 1. Underlying etiology 2. Molecular mechanism 3. Asthma is reversible 4. Controversial 5. Reference 1. Underlying etiology a. Atopic triad Genetic predisposition: with a family history of i, ii, iii. have more allergic or hyperresponsiveness to specific types of allergens produce massive amounts of inflammatory mediators produce exacerbation or bronchospasm of the actual respiratory passageways  i. Asthma ii. Atopic dermatitis also called eczema iii. Allergic rhinitis b. Samters triad three different factors that make these individuals more susceptible  Asthma Nasal polyps Aspirin sensitivity Some individuals might have kind of an allergic or hypersensitive reaction to aspirin aspirin inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzymes which are respons

Pharmacology hack part 2 Review:  【Pharmacology】Pharmacology Hack Content: 1. OPIOID µ receptor effect 2. Diuretics 3. Ventricular Arrhythmias 4. Bradycardia & Hypotension  5. Heart Failure 6. Short Acting Benzodiazepines 7. Morphine side effect 8. Heparin Side effect 1. OPIOID µ receptor effect 2. Diuretics 【Pharmacology】Diuretics 3. Ventricular Arrhythmias PALS 4. Bradycardia & Hypotension  IDEA 5. Heart Failure  DAD BOND CLASH 【Pharmacology】Heart Failure 【Pharmacology】Drug for Heart Failure 6. Short Acting Benzodiazepines STOLE 7. Morphine side effect 8. Heparin Side effect

Pharmacology Hack Content: 1. Beta 1 & 2 Receptors 2. Beta Agonists side effect 3. Side effect of Indirect acting agonists reversible 4. ACE Inhibitors 5. Beta Blocker 6. Beta-1 Selective Blockers 7. Cardioselective Beta Blockers 8. Adverse effects of Beta Blockers 9. Beta-blockers main contraincations 10. Side effects of adrenergic antagonists α-blockers 11. Aspirin 12. Penicillin (PCN)  13. Warfin Soudium (Coumadin) 14. NSAID * 15. Iron supplement * 16. Lidocaine toxicity 17. Ondansetron (Zofran) * 18. Cancer Chemotherapy * 19. Aminoglycoside toxicity 20. Tricyclic Antidepressants 1. Beta 1 & 2 Receptors Beta 1 receptor: Heart (1 Heart) Beta 2 receptor: Lungs (2 lungs) 2. Beta Agonists side effect "3T" Tolerance Tachcardia Tremor 【Pharmacology】Adrenergic drug (adrenergic agonists) 3.  Side effect of Indirect acting agonists reversible due to overstimulation of cholinergic receptors---"DUMBBELS" sign of Organophosphate poisoining D iarrhea  U rination  M io

Antibiotics  Content: 1. Antibiotics classification 2. Mechanism of action antibiotics 3. Cell wall synthesis inhibitors 4. Cell membrane integrity disruptors ------------Part 1 5. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors 6. Protein synthesis inhibitors 7. Metabolic pathway inhibitors 8. Reference Review:  【Pharmacology】Antibiotics part 1 5. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors living organisms store their genetic information in the form of DNA  the cell uses DNA to survive and replicate  but first things bacteria must convert their genetic information into functional molecules  this is done by using DNA as a template for the synthesis of RNA molecule  process known as transcription  RNA can then perform tasks directly or act as a blueprint for the synthesis of functional proteins process known as translation  Drugs capable of inhibiting DNA or RNA synthesis  render the bacteria unable to create proteins and replicate  but not toxic to our own body's cells  bacterial enzymes that carry out s