Medical student's note

Insomnia Some people with insomnia have trouble falling asleep, such as wake up throughout the night, struggle to fall back asleep.  These disturbances typically happen at least 3 times each week. Acute insomnia: lasts less than a month Chronic insomnia: lasts over a month Insomnia affects both the quantity and quality of sleep, which makes it hard for individuals to reach the restorative levels of sleep. This cause daytime sleepiness and fatigue, and over time—feelings of irritability, anxiety, and depression. Related Link: 【TCM】失眠 insomnia 【Pharmacology】Antidepressants 【TCM & Neuro】中药治疗抑郁 Herbs that treat Depression Content: 1. Cause 2. Sleep-Wake cycle 3. Treatment 4. Reference 1. Cause can be a primary problem or associated with other condition a. Stress keep mind active at night, which making it difficult to sleep b. Disrupting body's circadian rhythms Circadian rhythms act as an internal clock, guiding such things as  sleep-wake cycle metabolism body temperature Disruptin

1. Albumin (ALB) 血清白蛋白 Normal range: 3.4–5.4 g/dL Function:  Maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood compartment Provide nourishment of the tissues Transport hormones, vitamins, drugs, and other substances such as calcium throughout the body Low : May have malnutrition, liver disease or an inflammatory disease. High: Maybe caused by dehydration, acute infections, burns, and stress from surgery or a heart attack. Disease: Hypoalbuminemia , Albuminuria 2. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP &ALKP) 碱性磷酸酶  Normal range: 20–140 IU/L Function: Protect intestinal tract against bacteria Aid in digestion, breakdown fats and some B vitamins Promote bone formation Low: Indicate a deficiency in zinc and magnesium High : May indicate bone, liver, or bile duct disease Disease: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) --affect bone & teeth, Hepatitis 3. Bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐 Normal range: 23–30 mM Function: Maintain the body's acid-base (pH) balance.  Low: 酸 Is making too much acid Isn't getting rid of enough acid